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Term paper

Term paper
Introduction

De Waal is a widely celebrated primatologist. To De Waal, human predispositions that relate to fairness, altruism and reciprocity are values that have developed and continue to be enhanced through natural selection. To De Waal, morality is a thing that grows out of the social instincts that human beings share with chimpanzees, apes and bonobos. To illustrate the evolving stages of morality, De Waal draws his work from the behavioral tendencies that primates exhibited. For instance, De Waal illustrates the manner in which chimpanzees are in a friendly manner, disposed to people who perform benefiting services to them; with these services ranging from feeding to even grooming.

It is so hard to agree with the standpoint taken by De Waal that human behavior is an extension of species in the animal kingdom, particularly the primates. This is on several counts.

On one count, human beings are actually different from animals [the primates] in that human beings are seen to be rational creatures, while animals are seen to act out of instincts. On this account, on Nicomachean Ethics, written in 352 BCE, Aristotle points out that for the human person, every art, inquiry, pursuit and every action is, [or should be] aimed towards certain good. This good on the other hand is rightly seen to be that at which all things aim at. This, to Aristotle means that the basis of existence, especially for the human being is to aim at being good.

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