Hard News Article

Topic: Hard News Article

Order Description

Task1 : Write an Environmental Hard News Article(500 words) and a reflective statement for the hard news article.(600 words)

Details:
1. reporting a hard news in Environmental. the news itself should contain new/ original information.

3. The news itself, must be written in news style. (see upload document for references).

4. News story should at least includes 4 original interview sources and should have sufficient back ground to explain the context in which it has arisen.

5.Must includes Research Documents in the article (also in the references).

6. Photographs (Original must be provided where possible, or Picture sourced from photo library along with a statement acknowledging copyright and setting out terms of use.)

7. Hard News Story Must have a head line.

8. References: references in the story must be hyperlinked to source material wherever possible.

9. must provide details of all interview sources, including e-mail aIDress

10. full transcripts of interview should be include in the reference. (including all quotes used and all other words as necessary)

Task 2, Write a reflection statement analysis regarding the task1. (600 words)

reflection analysis should includes statements for following questions:
1. What difficulties did the writer encounter when writing this hard news story?
2. Why did you choose this specific news story to report?
3. On what basis did the writer decide it was news?
4. What were the best and worst decisions writer made and why do you say so??
5. If you were to do the assignment again what would you do differently?
6. What did this task teaches you about journalism and being a journalist?

Task 1 Criteria will be base on following, please take attention when writing.
1. Appropriate news story slection
2. Accuracy of the news and new/original information.
3. Appropriate use of source, including interviews
4. Clarity of expression in news style
5. Accurate spelling, punctuation, grammar and style.

Task 2: reflective statement will be base on following criteria:

1. insight into processes of researching and reporting environmental news
2. Insight into decisions made, and the reason for them while producing environmental journalism.
3. Disinterested, engaged and rigorous analysis
4. Strong and Clear argument.

Regarding the references, I will need 4 full interview transcripts, as this is a crucial criteria.
And, I will need research reference base for this assignment up to 5

I will upload example document of what am I expecting.

EGRB 401/402
BME Senior Design Studio II

Guidelines for Preparation of Project Proposal

Introduction
The EGRB 401/402 course sequence provides an opportunity for you to synthesize the knowledge and experience you have accrued over your undergraduate course of study and to apply this knowledge and experience to actual design of a medical device or process.  It represents the capstone of your biomedical engineering undergraduate education and provides evidence of your ability to successfully complete a significant biomedical engineering design project.

Beginning the Design Process
The beginning step of the engineering design process is definition of the problem to be engaged.  The Project Proposal explains the significance of that problem to the medical community; it identifies the specific objectives and deliverables of the project, describes the methodology to be followed, and provides a realistic plan for completing the project on time and on budget.

You will spend the first several weeks of EGRB 401 working with a faculty advisor to define the scope and objectives of the project and discuss possible approaches.  This is the beginning of project planning.  The key issues relate to the significance of the clinical problem, the adequacy of current solutions, the opportunity to make a significant contribution through design of better solutions, and the feasibility of arriving at better solutions within the time and resource constraints that exist.  The scope is important.  It must be great enough to enable each team member to make a distinctive and substantive contribution, but not so great that the project cannot be accomplished in two semesters.

Haste in completing this preliminary step can significantly diminish the prospects for a successful outcome of the project.  This is the almost universal conclusion provided by students who complete the course.  Common mistakes include failure to identify all of the solutions that currently exist; misjudgment of the significance or feasibility of a new product or process; definition of a project scope that is too broad or ambiguous; and underestimation of the time required to design, prototype, and test the proposed engineering design(s).  The amount and quality of time and effort expended at this planning stage can be the most important determinant of the ultimate success of the project.

The Project Proposal
The instructions you received at the beginning of the semester describe the overall project process.  The first project deliverable is the Project Proposal.  The Project Proposal is the instrument by which you identify and specify each of the critical elements of your project.  It provides for you and your advisor, a clear and specific definition of what you intend to deliver at the end of the spring semester and a plan by which you will accomplish the tasks required to make that delivery successfully.  It is a contract among team members and with the faculty advisor that sets agreed expectations for accomplishment of the project objective(s).  It is possible that a project proposal may be revised and refined over the course of the project as intermediate results are developed and new information is acquired.  But the value of a well-developed Project Proposal is to provide a robust structure that enables this process to be organic rather than rigid.

The Project Proposal Document
Each team will select a format for the Project Proposal that best accommodates its needs and those of the advisor.  The proposal must however include at a minimum the following elements:

•    A cover page (see enclosure 1)
•    An abstract (see enclosure 2)
•    A clear statement of the clinical problem to be aIDressed
•    A clear explanation of the significance of the problem, supported by data
•    A thorough description of current solutions to the problem, supported by data
•    Description of the proposed product or process solution, explaining the nature and significance of features of the proposed product or process that make it superior to existing approaches
•    Identification of significant factors associated with design, manufacture, and use of the proposed product or process that must be aIDressed during the course of the project
•    Identification of resources required to complete the design and development of prototypes or models and confirmation of their availability through the department or faculty advisor
•    Specification of the project deliverables, i.e., what will you deliver at the completion of the project?  Examples of deliverables include a detailed design, a working prototype, a non-working prototype, a simulation, a demonstration, and/or a journal manuscript
•    A preliminary work plan describing the process by which you will develop the deliverables and complete the project.  The specific responsibility of each team member must be describe in the work plan.
•    Description of the approach you will use to aIDress the other elements of a complete design project including manufacturability, safety, sustainability, ethical issues, and pathways to commercialization.  Refer to the EGRB 401/402 Course Specifications document you were provided at the beginning of the semester in completing this section.
•    A project timeline (see enclosure 3)

Mechanics
The proposal must be typewritten with 1.5 line spacing.  The length and format of the proposal is not prescribed.  The proposal must aIDress at a minimum each of the elements provided in these instructions.  The use of figures and tables is left to your discretion.  If used, each figure or table must have a caption and a citation to the source.  Any reference to the work of others in the body of the report must be noted where the reference occurs with appropriate citation of the source in an included bibliography.

You will submit your final Project Proposal in two formats:  (1) an electronic version submitted to the EGRB 401 Blackboard site; and (2) a paper version submitted to the BME department office.  The submission deadline is the same for both formats.

Grading
Your Project Proposal will be graded in two ways.  The EGRB401/402 course coordinator will grade the proposal as to form.  This assessment is based on the completeness, organization, and clarity of the report and conformance with instructions and timeliness of submission.  Each member of the team will be assigned the same grade.

The proposal will also be grade by the faculty advisor as to content.  This assessment is based on the technical merit of the proposal. Each member of the team will be assigned the same grade.

The graded Project Proposal will be returned to you by your faculty advisor for review and guidance.

Questions
If you have any questions regarding the development of the Project Proposal, please contact the EGRB401/402 Course Coordinator (Professor Jamison, rjamison@vcu.edu) or your faculty advisor.

Enclosure 1 – Cover Page

EGRB 401/402
BME Senior Design Capstone

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Date

“Project Title”

Your Names

Faculty Advisor Name(s)

Enclosure 2 –  Abstract

THE ABSTRACT

The abstract is an important, and sometimes underappreciated, part of any report.  It provides a digest of the project and summary of the most important findings.  The abstract enables the reviewer to understand the connectivity and significance of details presented in the body of the report.

The abstract can be one of the most difficult elements to write.  It requires an economy of words and clarity of expression that challenge the tendency of many scientists and engineers to believe that facts speak for themselves.  In most cases they simply don’t.

Your abstract conveys a first impression that will set the reviewers’ expectations, favorably or unfavorably.  Because it is brief, every word counts in the abstract.  Every sentence and every paragraph must logically follow from its precedent and lead logically to its consequent.

The audience for your final project presentation is comprised of BME senior undergraduates and BME faculty.  You should prepare you Project Proposal Abstract accordingly.  You can assume technical competency for this audience, but should not assume expertise in the technical area of your project.  The quality of your abstract will be measured in terms of its ability to convey your project clearly and comprehensibly to this audience.

The abstract must be written with great care.  It should be written only after the body of the report has been completed.  For the Project Proposal the abstract must be no more than one page with 1.5 line spacing.

Enclosure 3 – Time Line

THE TIME LINE

The Project Time Line provides to you and to your advisor a temporal framework for your project.  The completion date for the project is already set.  You must now develop the time line that guides you from where you are to that completion date.  The time line is a living tool that you will use when assessing and reporting your monthly progress toward your project objective(s).  It is possible that, in consultation with your advisor, you will revise it, perhaps more than once.  The only revision that cannot be made is to the date for final delivery of project results.

In order for a time line to be useful, it must be user-friendly.  There is no prescribed format for the time line.  You should use the one that is the most useful and meaningful to you.  There are project scheduling software packages that can be used to generate and update time lines.  An example is Microsoft Project.  These programs are designed to manage very large, complex projects like building construction or manufacturing.  Because they are versatile and powerful they can be difficult to master and use effectively for simpler tasks.

You are free to select the tool best suited for your needs.  You will be provided at no cost a license to use TeamGantt, a commercial project management software product.  The userid and password are:

Userid:  rjamison@vcu.edu
Password:  vcubme

In developing the project time line, be particularly cognizant of the definition and significance of milestones.  Milestones are agreed upon deliverables or events that represent tangible, significant accomplishments.   They are called milestones because they enable you and your faculty advisor to make an objective assessment of the progress being made toward meeting project objectives at intermediate points along the way.  Reports and other prescribed course requirement are not project milestones.  It is important to respect the difference between activities and accomplishments.  At the end of the project, it is accomplishments that are measured.

Problem statement:
How might we measure stomach contents in a more efficient and effective way that allows us to determine the GRV without taking it out of the stomach?

Research current solutions of measuring stomach contents w/o taking out:

Examples of Current Solutions

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202443

-Gastric residual volume (GRV) and gastric contents measurement by refractometry.

http://gut.bmj.com/content/38/6/816.full.pdf

-Ultrasonic measurement

PV = nRT???

changes in volume lead to:
•    Expansion of the stomach
•    Stretch receptors firing
changes in pressure lead to:
•    Intraluminal gastrointestinal pressure is increased by:
a) nitrous oxide anaesthesia
b) epidural block to T6
c) neostigmine
d) morphinee adrenaline3
•    LOOK INTO Influence of an equimolar dose of serotonin and histamine on gastrointestinal pressure
(However these say what will change the pressure, not what will happen with a pressure change)
changes in temperature lead to:
changes in pH leads to:
•    Diabetes
•    Ulcers
•    Blood Acidosis
•    Acid Reflux/pneumonia

Cover
Abstract
Clinical Need/Problem
Clinical Significance
Current Solutions
Proposed solution
breakdown into distinct deliverables
Identification of significant factors for design, manufacture, use
Resources required
project deliverables (milestones)
preliminary work plan (wbs) – responsibility of team members
description of approach
Timeline
Citations

Graded by completion, organization, clarity
Content

Steps for Gastric Lavage (procedure)

http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060210p8.shtml

Why GRV isn’t a thing.

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780771_3

GRV still isn’t a thing.

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1557716

GRV end of an era.

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/education/ccc/gastric-residual-volume/

Basic stats. GRV has a lot of assumptions

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-stomach

Stomach Conditions

http://pen.sagepub.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/content/31/1/63.full.pdf+html

Gastric Residual Volume (GRV) and Gastric Contents Measurement
by Refractometry